Ap English Language Argumentative or Persuasive Essay

The Assignment: You are to research and compose an argumentative or persuasive essay focusing on a controversial issue (you may not write on abortion, gun control, marijuana legalization, gay marriage, or creationism/evolution). Argumentative essays enlighten your readers to the rationale behind your position on a debatable issue. However, persuasive essays not only enlighten your readers to your position on an issue, but also attempt to coerce readers to take some sort of action. You will be transforming your essay into a speech which you will present to the class. The Prewriting Stage: Step 1: Finding an issue 1. List possible topics 2. Select the topic in which you are most interested 3. Consider if others will be interested in it as well Step 2: Preliminary research—exploring the issue 1. Define your issue; develop your claim 2. What do you understand about it already? Brainstorm and list what you know about it. Explore your position. 3. What has been written or said about your issue by others? 4. How does your issue impact others? 5. Research the history of the issue. 6. Is your issue focused enough to be analyzed successfully? Is it so narrow that little has been written about it, or that few sill express an interest? Step 3: Considering your audience 1. How will most of your readers probably feel about his issue? 2. What do you expect them to know about it already? 3. Should you address your essay to an audience who disagrees with your position, or will you be â€Å"preaching to the choir†? Are you going to have to impact their underlying beliefs and values? Remember, you must address opposing arguments. Step 4: Reassessing your choice 1. Has your research supplied enough for you to maintain your claim? 2. Is there enough information available to addressing opposing arguments? 3. Do you need to learn more about it? Step 5: Constructing your argument—preparing to address those who disagree 1. List every reason that you can think of that will help your argument and convince your readers to reconsider their position and adopt yours. 2. Consider effective appeals (ethos, pathos, logos) 3. Number your points or assertions in order of strength or plausibility 4. Under each point or assertion, list potential objections or questions that it could raise. 5. Consider how you would respond to that objection or question 6. Consider how you would refute any illegitimate or illogical objections or questions. Step 6: Anticipating opposing arguments 1. List widely known opposing positions to your claim 2. Meet in groups and allow other students to play â€Å"devil’s advocate† by arguing the opposing side. 3. Number the opposing points or assertions in order of strength or plausibility; you will address the strongest points in your essay 4. List reasons for the opposing points 5. Prepare to accept or concede portions of plausible opposing arguments 6. Prepare to refute an implausible point or assertion. Validity of opposing arguments may be addressed by: *Giving a counterexample *Questioning the authority or source, the validity of the facts *Questioning the logic of the opposing point The Drafting Stage: Introductory Paragraph 1. Determine your claim. State it clearly in your opening paragraph 2. Define the issue and your purpose to your readers. Why are you writing about this? Why should your audience be interested? 3. Getting the reader’s attention—anecdote (telling a story), startling statistic, interesting quote, significance of your concerns 4. The background/history of the issue (if significant) 5. Establish the appropriate tone for your subject and your audience Body Paragraphs Supporting your claim 1. State your reasons for supporting your position along with evidence 2. Go beyond simple assertions; consider the nature of your appeals (ethos, pathos, logos) Body Paragraphs Addressing potential opposing arguments. You may either 1. Concede the validity of an opposing argument by qualifying part or accepting all of it while explaining why your position is stronger, or 2. Refute the opposing argument by stating why it is invalid or weak. Conclusion 1. Restate your claim 2. State the significance of your position. How does it affect the future? 3. Make a final emotional appeal if appropriate 4. State a call for action (persuasion) 5. Appeal for further study of research Self Evaluation: Address the following questions: 1. Did you stick with your original topic or did you change it? 2. What problems did you encounter during the process of creating the essay? 3. List two of the most important changes you made. Why did you make them? 4. Of what part of your essay are you most proud? Why?

Abortion: What Is the Reaction of the Society Essay

In today’s society moral standards of society, are becoming more & more justified. Abortions are becoming a controversial issue in the American society. It should be supported because of woman rights, rape & incest and health in women that could be a life and death situation that they may not be able to carry their unborn babies to full term. First, not to mention 1920 changed everything giving woman the right to vote and make their own choices and decisions. Woman now have rights to be able to get pregnant & not have to carry their babies to full term. Women also, are able to make choices about their bodies & reproductive lives without having a law placed on it. (Roe v. Wade 1). Secondly, woman who has been raped should have a choice. The woman is going through enough stress and trauma. So, carrying a baby for nine months is going to put a lot of stress on the mother. It will break her down physically, mentally and emotional. She just went through terrible act of injustices. The woman would be reminded of the committed violence against her that she won’t be in a good state of mind to take care of the child properly. So, that case abortion will be the best option. See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay In addition, my girlfriend was a victim of rap and she has a daughter who doesn’t live with her, but her grandmother decided to take her in. My girlfriend isn’t able to take care of her daughter as she would like too. The father isn’t in the child’s life since she’s been born. Also, my girlfriend is having a hard time finding a way to tell her daughter who’s her father and why he isn’t in her life. This is a case abortion would be acceptable. Third, some women aren’t always that successful carrying their baby to full term. The health of the woman can cause her to have to terminate her pregnancy. It is very rare when abortion is required to save the mother’s life. When two lives are threatened and only one can be saved, doctors must always save that life. There are many more ways a woman that has health problems that would need to terminate her pregnancy. For example, a woman with HIV, a woman who’s on drugs really heavy, an STD that caused the amino fluid to leak out etc. To conclude, abortion is a controversial manner it has its pro’s and con’s on how a person should go about trying to have an abortion. It’s a widespread topic that can be justified by three main areas, rape, the health of the woman who’s not able to keep their child full term, also women having rights and choices about their own body. Many people today have their own personal beliefs on how abortion should be used in today’s society.

Building a Balanced Score Card Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Building a Balanced Score Card - Term Paper Example unt the perspectives of operation, namely financial perspective, customer’s perspective, the company’s internal perspective, and the learning perspective of employees of the company. The Balance scorecard model can be explained from the diagram below. The Balance scorecard of South-West Airlines measures the strategic performance of the company in terms of metrics. Metrics are nothing but means of measurement of actual values of performance against the set target to fulfill the objectives of South-West Airlines. The financial perspective of South-West Airlines takes into account the growth of revenue, the operating profit, financial position of short-term and long-term solvency. The customer’s perspective takes into account the increase of customers, transaction size with the customers and the degree of customer satisfaction. Talking about the internal perspective of South-West Airlines, the main objectives are product improvement, maintenance of market size, ratio of equipments to new equipments, innovation in service, quality of operations and turn-around time. The learning and growth perspective takes into account the training of employees of South-West Airlines, the turnover of its employees, and the compensation for their employees. The objective set under the four perspectives for South-West Airlines in its Balanced scorecard model depends on the mission and vision of South-West Airlines. Mission of South-West Airlines states that the company is dedicated to provide customer sa tisfaction with its high quality of operational efficiency and service quality that would provide a sense of warmth, pride and friendliness in the rights spirits of the company. The goal of the South-West Airlines is aligned with its vision of being the largest player in low-cost market segment. The company plans to achieve this with high utilization of its aircraft and increasing the frequency of flights in the short-interval routes connecting secondary cities and destinations.

Corporate Governance and Ownership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Corporate Governance and Ownership - Essay Example The analysis of this paper shows that globalization plays an important role in dissolving the existing corporate ownership and strengthening the corporate governance in these three countries. However, this analysis also shows that because of its strong inherence and utility derived from specific features of these three countries, the characteristics of ownership and corporate governance and its effects still remain in these countries. Finally, this paper also touches on the potential of other elements that effect on the corporate governance from different perspectives. II. Introduction Corporate ownership has been one of the biggest concerns of corporate governance for many years. Many previous research argues the prevalence of widely held corporations in the United States in which corporate ownership is dispersed among small shareholders1. Under such structures, the main concern of corporate governance is how to reduce the potential conflict between the interests of managers and sto ck holders, or so-called agency problems.2 However, as we look outside the United States, especially in countries with poor minority shareholder protections, even the largest firms often have controlling shareholders3. In those countries, the central agency problem is how to restrict the expropriation of minority shareholders by controlling shareholders through the improvement of minority protections4. Corporate ownership in Asia is also largely different from the U.S. Asian characteristics, as containing a high concentration of ownership comes from family, state and group ownership and low liquidity of shares5. Claessens investigated the separation of ownership and control in 2980 publicly traded companies in nine East Asian countries6 (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand). This study finds that in all countries, especially in Indonesia, Japan and Singapore, voting rights consequently exceed cash-flow rights through p yramid structures and cross-holding. It also finds that more than two-thirds of firms in these countries are controlled by a single shareholder7. It is not hard to anticipate that under this corporate structure, the conflict of interests between majority and minority shareholders cause adverse effect on the corporate governance. Several studies show that the concentrated ownership causes the low market valuation of firms and expropriation of minority shareholders in Asia8. This expropriation is more detrimental in a country with weaker legal systems9. Although differences between countries are significant, White Paper on Corporate Governance in Asia emphasized that the protection of minority shareholders rights was particularly critical in Asia10. Basically, there are three types of corporate ownership in Asia, which are family, state and group ownership. More than half of Asian corporations are family-owned. Hong Kong, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand show high degrees of f amily ownership. State control is significant in China and Singapore. In Japan and Korea, group companies are characterized by interlocking cross-holdings of equity. These characteristics of corporate structure, however, have gradually changed in the 21st century because of Asian economic growth and capital globalization. Corporate governance in Asia has been subjected to the reformation due to the criticism for its weakness after the Asian financial crisis. It seems that as the Asian market played a

Cost Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cost Accounting - Research Paper Example Among the various costing methods, absorption costing and marginal costing are the two important tools that are widely used for managerial decision making. This piece of research paper describes the differences between these two methods and explains the arguments for and against these costing methods. Marginal Costing As Lucey and Lucey (2002, p. 296) defined, marginal costing is an accounting system in which variable costs are charged to some specific cost units for a period of time and fixed costs are fully written off against the total contribution, which is the value of sales less variable costs. Marginal costing is widely used and is considered to be more effective and useful in the valuation of stocks and in the calculation of total costs of goods sold because of that only variable manufacturing costs are considered in this type of costing method. Variable manufacturing costs are considered in this costing method as they are attributed to the cost units and fixed costs are igno red. Marginal cost and variable production costs are more often used interchangeably. When ever an extra one unit of the output is manufactured, the additional cost incurred for manufacturing that one extra unit will be ultimately variable because the fixed cost remains always constant. Weygandt, Keiso and Kimmel (2005, p. 265) pointed that fixed manufacturing costs are never considered to be production costs and these are not considered in the inventory valuation as well as in management’s decision making process. Marginal costing is a strategic managerial accounting tool that can be used to disseminate managerial information about costs incurred in the manufacturing and other business operation and relationship between some of the significant elements such as profit, volume, costs and efficiency. Glautier and Underdown (2001, p. 441), found that the very basic advantage of using marginal costing is that it is an easy success-pathway for the management to make proper decisio n and achieve business success accordingly. Absorption Costing Absorption or full costing, in contrast, considers all the manufacturing costs including both variable and fixed costs. All manufacturing costs are fully attributed and absorbed to the final output (Jawahar-Lal, 2008, p. 627). direct costs are attributed directly to the cost units and thus they can easily be identified along with the output, whereas manufacturing overheads are attributed to the product and other overheads including administration and selling expenses. As Williams, Haka and Bettner (2004, p. 923) argued, the use of absorption costing will be very effective when the variable costs such as direct material costs and direct labor costs are directly charged to the product and fixed costs are charged proportionately to different products manufactured during a particular period of time. One of the criticisms that absorption method of costing faces is that it presumes prices as the functions of the costs and thus demand of the product is less considered. It includes past costs that are relatively less relevant to the current pricing and is therefore relatively less dependable for managerial decision making. Absorption costing may not be an

What strategies were used by those that are exploited to strike a blow Essay

What strategies were used by those that are exploited to strike a blow agains the system Tie your response to how also Dubois relate to this situation - Essay Example evident to the oppressed people and they may be not able to communicate in mainstream political discourse because of discrimination, disenfranchisement, economics, or other reasons. At this point, many oppressed groups such as Native Americans, Marxists, or anti-Colonial liberation movements may organize armed response through guerrilla movements or armies organized to resist oppression. In America, the non-violent path is represented by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and the path or armed resistance by Malcolm X, in the context of the African-American liberation struggle. But in that same context, W.E.B. Dubois life and activism in organizing responses to oppression shows a different division in methods: between the religious and the secular. For both Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. both organized their critiques of repression around a religious base, Islam and Christianity, but Dubois organizes his critiques on more secular themes of humanitarianism, socialism and communism. Thus, we can conclude that there are not only non-violent and violent responses to oppression, but also responses that are based on religious or secular values as fundamental categorizations of resistance types. For example, the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. organized resistance responses from the pulpit of a church, through sermons. From there he led greater movements and demonstrations in the larger secular society. Malcolm X organized from the prisons, gangs, and street level of society, where outside minorities felt the crush of oppression through police violence, and he decided on a response based on armed opposition. When he organized from a religious base, it was not from the mosque in the same degree as King, but nevertheless his pilgrimage to Mecca and the Nation of Islam are examples of the inseparability of religion from his philosophy of resistance. With Dubois, we see an organization of resistance from the position of labor movements and trade unions. As Robin Kelley

Nationalization of Oil Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nationalization of Oil Industry - Essay Example Argentinean President Cristina Fernà ¡ndez de Kirchner in April 2012 has announced that Argentina would take control of Repsol YPF, the country’s biggest crude oil producer, by nationalizing 51 percent of the company’s shares (Gaudà ­n, 2012). Until 1999 YPF was the largest oil company in Argentina and was owned by the government. However, lack of efficient management and expertise was pulling down profits in the oil industry. As a result, the government started encouraging foreign investment in the market so as to invigorate oil production. Between the years 1993 and 1999, Madrid based Repsol had acquired 100 percent of the company’s shares (Weinstein, 2012) and its name was changed from YPF to Repsol YPF. Spain is the largest foreign investor in Argentina with the European market being the largest export market for the country (Hernandez, 2012). However, the current dispute is over a slump in investment by the Spanish owner of YPF, which is leading to a drop in energy output in Argentina.In the home country, Buenos Aires based YPF is considered an emblem of state pride (Economist, 2012a). Nationalization of the $18 billion worth company in 2012 would bring huge revenue to the cash-strapped government, which is a significantly beneficial aspect of the President’s decision. Hence nationalization of the country’s biggest oil company is apparently a populist move by the President. Energy officials from Brazil and the President of Uruguay have praised this action (Economist, 2012a).... Justifications Cited for Nationalization of Oil In the home country, Buenos Aires based YPF, is considered an emblem of state pride (Economist, 2012a). Nationalization of the $18 billion worth company in 2012 would bring huge revenue to the cash-strapped government, which is a significantly beneficial aspect of the President’s decision. Hence nationalization of the country’s biggest oil company is apparently a populist move by the President. Energy officials from Brazil and the President of Uruguay have praised this action (Economist, 2012a). Ms. Fernandez has accused Repsol in terms of its failure to make enough investment in exploiting the resources of the country. YPF has declared that it has discovered an oil shale site whose estimated potential yield would be 23 billion barrels approximately (Forero, 2012). In the context of soaring cost of oil, which is damaging the country’s economy, the lack of potential investment in Argentinean gas and oil reserves is a primary show cause behind the seizure of Repsol YPf’s shares. The President said that Repsol was not producing enough oil and was therefore failing to meet the country’s total energy requirements. Argentina is currently facing a serious shortage in its total production of energy. This situation is being fixed by importing energy at a higher price from other countries (Economist, 2012a). Ms. Fernandez has said that if this continues Argentina would become an unviable state for investment (Macalister, 2012). Pressure exerted by the government on YPF was increasing since the past two months before the decision of nationalization was taken. It is evident that the current situation has been created as a turn from the 2004

The debate on assisted suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The debate on assisted suicide - Research Paper Example The debate on assisted suicide Even as medicine seeks to save these extremely sick people, debate continues to rage on whether these deteriorated and tortured lives in excruciating pain should be ended or not. While some people opposed assisted suicide outright, others feel that legislations to allow physicians to end the lives of patients suffering from terminal illnesses are in order. However, such patients’ or their guardians’ or parents’ consent must be obtained prior to terminating their lives. This paper explores the two sides of the raging debates on assisted suicide. There are several reasons for which cross sections of the population support the ending of terminally ill patients’ lives. First, assisted suicide should be legalized since people should be accorded the right to choose whatever they want to do with their lives provided they do not interfere with or endanger others’ lives. That is, peoples’ right to choose freely should also cover the right to choose when to end own life. People whose diseases or handicap cannot allow them to end their lives should have the right to be assisted to end their lives and such a right should be granted and respected. Second, assisted suicide should be legalized since, as human beings, we have the duty and responsibility to relieve or end the suffering of other human beings and respect their wishes and dignity. It should be noted that certain diseases and conditions may make people lose their earlier dignity and they would rather choose to die than live in such dignity. In fact, certain current conditions are so excruciating that some people are no longer able to function with dignity as they used to do (Terman et al., 2007). It is thus not only cruel but also inhumane to deny such be the merciful end to their misery, pain, and indignity by terming their please illegal. Human compassion also dictates that we should comply with such pleas and cooperate with the patient’s wishes. Opposing Assisted Suicide On the other side of the debate are those opposed to the idea of assisted suicide. Their first reason for opposing the legalization of assisted suicide is that people have the moral duty to preserve and protect the lives of others. Assisted suicide is hence a fundamental breach of our duty to respect human life. In other words, given that the society should be committed to protecting all forms of life, it would be an unfathomable sin to end a fellow human being’s life by commissioning its destruction. It is also man’s duty to oppose any laws that would support assisted suicide, more so for patients who are innocent people (Humphrey, 2002). Third, those opposed to assisted suicide assert that there is no exact definition of the lives that should be ended. This situation would give room for the arbitrary ending of lives deemed worthless or undesirable. In fact, cases of inconvenienced relatives and friends persuading and coercing their ailing relatives to ask for assisted suicide would be a routine thing if assisted suicide were legalized. Worse still, patients may sign assisted suicide requests but change their minds later when their conditions may not all ow them to make their change of mind known (Hayden, 1999). In such a case, someone may end up being assisted to die against

Impact of the French and Indian War Essay Example for Free

Impact of the French and Indian War Essay The Native tribes are one of those directly affected by the French and Indian War. Many native populations suffered a great loss when the French power in North America was eliminated. The French proved to be a strong ally of these native tribes and were essential in countering the continued British expansion. The elimination of the French power resulted to the dispossession of many native tribes, forcing them to move out of their lands. When the Spanish-controlled Florida was taken-over by the British, native tribes who did not want to involve themselves with the British, migrated westward. This has resulted to heated confrontations between several tribes who were already established in the area (Ohio History Central, 2005). The British exploited the boundaries between opposing tribes, making the natives fight among themselves. The French and Indian war also affected the American colonists. As Britain continued to expand their control over the colonies of other European powers, they continued to resettle many of its people throughout their North American provinces. As Britain continued to focus on its war for territory, it began neglecting its duties for its people and its colonies. The French and Indian war resulted to the doubling of Britain’s national debt, and with the shortage of funding; the government imposed new taxes on their colonies. This resulted to stiff resistance, and strained relationship between Britain and its colonies. Troops were called in to the colonies in order to make sure the taxes are paid accordingly (Ohio History Central, 2005). This greatly inconvenienced the colonies, until it finally came down to the American Revolutionary War. Reference: Ohio History Central. (2005). French and Indian War. Retrieved July 27, 2009, from http://www. ohiohistorycentral. org/entry. php? rec=498

Consumer Behavior Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behavior Essay Consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources. Companies have to know how to market their product in all different target group and cultural markets. Marketers need to know and understand everything they can about their customers, existing, and possible prospects, their personal and group influences, and how it will impact their bottom line. After reviewing table 12. 2 on the top 25 U. S.  Hispanic markets, I noticed tht the largest population of Hispanics are in the Texas area. Measuring consumer learning in this table shows that the Hispanic culture percentage is mainly on the west side of the United States stretching from Texas to California, so marketing must display their products in some Spanish advertising. Table 12. 3 Traditional Character tics of the Hispanic American Market showed me that Spanish shoppers are more consequence when it comes to spending, and will stick with their brand loyalty. The trend and impact of the consumers in this table are fashion conscious, and buy brands that ar4e advertised by their ethical group stores (Schiffman G. Kanuk, L. 2009). Table 12. 4, Ways in Which â€Å"Hispanic† Has Been Defined, helped me to see how marketers should target each Hispanic American market separately. In this table, recognizing how consumers learn and assimilate information is important because you have several different country of origins to market a product. Table 12. 5 Demographic Characteristics of U. S. Hispanic Ethnicity Types data is important because of the different groups that marketers have to target. It helps companies determine the identity to wht segment market each Hispanic family falls under. For example, there maybe weak Hispanic segment exhibits, and low ethnic identity, so why should companies market in these areas that have little to do with determining a consumer media behavior.

‘Big’ Data Science and Scientists

‘Big’ Data Science and Scientists If you could possibly take a trip back in time with a time machine and say to people that today a child can interact with one another from anywhere and query trillions of data all over the globe with a simple click on his/her computer they would have said that it is science fiction ! Today more than 2.9 million emails are sent across the internet every second. 375 megabytes of data is consumed by households each day. Google processes 24 petabyte of data per day. Now that’s a lot of data !! With each click, like and share, the worlds data pool is expanding faster than we comprehend. Data is being created every minute of every day without us even noticing it. Businesses today are paying attention to scores of data sources to make crucial decisions about the future. The rise of digital and mobile communication has made the world become more connected, networked and traceable which has typically resulted in the availability of such large scale data sets. So what is this buzz word â€Å"Big Data† all about ? Big data may be defined as data sets whose size is beyond the ability of typical database software tools to capture, create, manage and process data. The definition can differ by sector, depending on what kinds of software tools are commonly available and what sizes of data sets are common in a particular industry. The explosion in digital data, bandwidth and processing power – combined with new tools for analyzing the data has sparked massive interest in the emerging field of data science. Big data has now reached every sector in the global economy. Big data has become an integral part of solving the worlds problems. It allows companies to know more about their customers, products and on their own infrastructure. More recently, people have become extensively focused on the monetization of that data. According to a McKinsey Global Institute Report[1] in 2011, simply making big data more easily accessible to relevant stakeholders in a timely manner can create enormous value. For example, in the public sector, making relevant data more easily accessible across otherwise separated departments can sharply cut search and processing time. Big data also allows organizations to create highly specific segmentations and to tailor products and services precisely to meet those needs. This approach is widely known in marketing and risk management but can be revolutionary elsewhere. Big Data is improving transportation and power consumption in cities, making our favorite websites social networks more efficient, and even preventing suicides. Businesses are collecting more data than they know what to do with. Big data is everywhere; the volume of data produced, saved and mined is startling. Today, companies use data collection and analysis to formulate more cogent business strategies. Manufactures use data obtained from the use of real products to improve and develop new products and to create innovative after-sale service offerings. This will continue to be an emerging area for all industries. Data has become a competitive advantage and necessary part of product development. Companies succeed in the big data era not simply because they have more or better data, but because they have good teams that set clear objectives and define what success looks like by asking the right questions. Big data are also creating new growth opportunities and entirely new categories of companies, such as those that collect and analyze industrial data. One of the most impressive areas, where the concept of Big data is taking place is the area of machine learning. Machine Learning can be defined as the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence which itself is a branch of computer science. Applications range from data mining programs that discover general rules in large data sets, to information filtering systems that learns automatically the user’s interests. Rising alongside the relatively new technology of big data is the new job title data scientist. An article by Thomas H. Davenport and D.J. Patil in Harvard Business Review[2] describes ‘Data Scientist’ as the ‘Sexiest Job of the 21st Century’. You have to buy the logic that what makes a career â€Å"sexy† is when demand for your skills exceeds supply, allowing you to command a sizable paycheck and options. The Harvard Business Review actually compares these â€Å"data scientists† to the quants of 1980s and 1990s on Wall Street, who pioneered â€Å"financial engineering† and algorithmic trading. The need for data experts is growing and demand is on track to hit unprecedented levels in the next five years Who are Data Scientists ? Data scientists are people who know how to ask the right questions to get the most value out of massive volumes of data. In other words, data scientist is someone who is better at statistics than any software engineer and better at software engineering than any statistician. Good data scientists will not just address business problems; they will choose the right problems that have the most value to the organization. They combine the analytical capabilities of a scientist or an engineer with the business acumen of the enterprise executive. Data scientists have changed and keep changing the way things work. They integrate big data technology into both IT departments and business functions. Data scientist’s must also understand the business applications of big data and how it will affect the business organization and be able to communicate with IT and business management. The best data scientists are comfortable speaking the language of business and helping companies reformulate their challenges. Data science due to its interdisciplinary nature requires an intersection of abilities of hacking skills, math and statistics knowledge and substantive expertise in the field of science. Hacking skills are necessary for working with massive amount of electronic data that must be acquired, cleaned and manipulated. Math and statistics knowledge allows a data scientist to choose appropriate methods and tools in order to extract insight from data. Substantive expertise in a scientific field is crucial for generating motivating questions and hypotheses to interpret results. Traditional research lies at the intersection of knowledge of math and statistics with substantive expertise in a scientific field. Machine learning stems from combining hacking skills with math and statistics knowledge, but does not require scientific motivation. Science is about discovery and raising knowledge, which requires some motivating questions about the world and hypotheses that can be brought to data and tes ted with statistical methods. Hacking skills combined with substantive scientific expertise without rigorous methods can beget incorrect analysis. A good scientist can understand the current state of a field, pick challenging questions were a success will actually lead to useful new knowledge and push that field further through their work. How to become a Data Scientist ? No university programs in India have yet been designed to develop data scientists, so recruiting them requires creativity. You cannot become a big data scientist overnight. Data Scientist need to know how to code and should be comfortable with mathematics and statistics. Data Scientist need know machine learning software engineering. Learning data science can be really hard. They also need to know how to organize large data sets and use visualization tools and techniques. Data scientists need to know how to code either in SAS, SPSS, Python or R. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is a software package currently developed by IBM is widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software suite developed by SAS Institute is mainly used in advanced analytics. SAS is the largest market-share holder for advanced analytics. Python is a high-level programming language, which is the most commonly used by data scientist’s community. Finally, R is a free software programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R language has become a de facto standard among statisticians for developing statistical software and is widely used for statistical software development and data analysis. R is a part of the GNU Project which is a collaboration that supports open source projects. A few online courses would help you learn some of the main coding languages. One such course that is available currently is through the popular MOOCs website coursera.org. A specialization course offered by Johns Hopkins University through coursera helps you learn R programming, visualize data, machine learning and to develop data products. There are few more courses available through coursera that helps you to learn data science. Udacity is another popular MOOCs website that offers courses on Data Science, Machine Learning Statistics. CodeAcademy also offers similar courses to learn data science and coding in Python. When you start operating with data at the scale of the web, the fundamental approach and process of analysis must and will change. Most data scientists are working on problems that cant be run on a single machine. They have large data sets that require distributed processing. Hadoop is an open-source software framework for storing and large-scale processing of data-sets on clusters of commodity hardware. MapReduce is this programming paradigm that allows for massive scalability across the servers in a Hadoop cluster. Apache Spark is Hadoops speedy Swiss Army knife. It is a fast -running data analysis system that provides real-time data processing functions to Hadoop. It is important that a data scientist must be able to work with unstructured data, whether it is from social media, videos or even audio. KDnuggets is a popular website among data scientist that mainly focuses on latest updates and news in the field of Business Analytics, Data Mining, and Data Science. KDnuggets also offers a free Data Mining Course the teaching modules for a one-semester introductory course on Data Mining, suitable for advanced undergraduates or first-year graduate students. Kaggle is a platform for data prediction competitions. It is a platform for predictive modeling and analytics competitions on which companies and researchers post their data and statisticians and data miners from all over the world compete to produce the best models. Kaggle hosts many data science competitions where you can practice, test your skills with complex, real world data and tackle actual business problems. Many employers do take Kaggle rankings seriously, as they can be seen as pertinent, hands-on project work. Kaggle aims at making data science a sport. Finally to be a data scientist you’ll need a good understanding of the industry you’re working in and know what business problems your company is trying to solve. In terms of data science, being able to find out which problems are crucial to solve for the business is critical, in addition to identifying new ways should the business should be leveraging its data. A study by Burtch Works[3] in April 2014, finds that data scientists earn a median salary that can be up to 40% higher than other Big Data professionals at the same job level. Data scientists have a median of nine years of experience, compared to other Big Data professionals who have a median of 11 years. More than one-third of data scientists are currently in the first five years of their careers. The gaming and technology industries pay higher salaries to data scientists than all other industries. LinkedIn, a popular business oriented social networking website voted statistical analysis and data mining the top skill that got people hired in the year 2014. Data science has a bright future ahead there will only be more data and more of a need for people who can find meaning and value in that data. Despite the growing opportunity, demand for data scientist has outpaced supply of talent and will for the next five years. [1] McKinsey Global Institute, â€Å"Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity†, June 2011 [2] Thomas H. Davenport, D.J. Patil, â€Å"Data Scientist: The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century†, Harvard Business Review, October 2012 [3] Burtch Works â€Å"Big Data Career Tips† http://www.burtchworks.com/big-data-analyst-salary/big-data-career-tips/, accessed December 2014

Formulation Of A Theory :: Papers

Formulation Of A Theory The certain factors that influence the accuracy of estimation is mainly: Age, the time of day it is processed, gender and the style of the survey. The reason age has an affect on the accuracy of estimation, is because if the person is too young or too old the survey may not be reliable enough in order for it to be processed into a data collection sheet the reason being that they may not be suited to the imperial or metric measurement used in modern days. The young may not have learnt the imperial measures and the elderly may not be used to the correct terms. The effect, time has to getting good reliability is that the survey should be taken out at a convenient time of the day where food has been consumed properly and the people's minds are focused. The times which may be irrelevant to practice a survey is early in the morning or late at night where people may be tired. The gender may have a certain effect on the outcome of results because the males may differ in technical skills to females or it is possible that perhaps females are more capable of handling academical situations rather than males. The style of a survey may affect the result because if badly constructed questions are used, people will not answer the survey properly and will try to avoid them. An example of a badly constructed question is 'What is your age?'-This is personal. Many people will not want to answer. An example of a well constructed question is 'Which age group are you in? 0-20 21-30 31-50 etc. A questionnaire is usually put together to test a hypothesis. The hypothesis that will be used in this questionnaire is: 'Children will be able to estimate better than adults'. Method The data will be collected through a simple questionnaire. A stratified sample will be used. This is because in a stratified sample, the population that will be asked will be divided into

The Aesthetics of Pop Music Essay -- Popular Music

â€Å"It All Sounds The Same These Days!†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In just about every home in America at just about any given time the words: â€Å"It all sounds the same these days!† is uttered to a teenage child, while the mother is screaming â€Å"Turn it down!† in the background. The teenager storms to his bedroom and turns the radio up to full volume and thinks, â€Å"They just don’t get it!† Then proceeds to dance around the room singing into the hairbrush. This is the pleasure principal of pop music. Whether accredited to innocence or ignorance, a unreconciled naivety has survived this culture since its inception. They’re everywhere. We cannot escape the wrath of teen pop bands, you can love ‘em or hate ‘em, but they are a representation of an ever changing culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the pop music phenomenon? Most pop music uses a â€Å"commercial† approach to songwriting which limits the use of complicated musical devices, this is said to be what makes pop music. â€Å"Popular music is popular because the composition hears for the listener and is pre-digested.†(Adorno, Theodore, On Popular Music 1941) Pop music contains simple, chord driven, repetitious, square phrased (4 bar) melodies that are catchy and easily singable. The phrases in these sections are generally 4, 8, 12, or 16 measures long. Most pop songs have a catchy 8 measure phrase that is repeated 6-8 times throughout the song. This attributes to the ever so frequently heard â€Å"It was on the radio this morning and I just can’t get it out of my head† phenomeno...

Master’s Prepared Nurse Interview Essay

Due to the demands of an evolving health care system and an emphasis in health and wellness, Master’s prepared nurses are in demand. What does a Master’s prepared nurse entails? According to the American Association College of Nursing, Master’s prepared nurses obtain a higher level of learning as well as key competencies and skills. The ultimate goal is to achieve positive patient outcomes resulting in an overall improved health care system. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight on a Master’s prepared nurse conducted through an interview. My interviewee has obtained an MSN in Informatics and is currently employed in the Informatics field as a Nurse Informaticist. Overview of Career My interviewee started her career path with an Associate’s degree in Nursing. As a new graduate in nursing, her first job in nursing was in an acute care setting on a telemetry unit. After two years as a staff nurse in telemetry she was promoted to charge nurse and remained in this position for three years. She then decided to further her education in nursing but still needed to work full time. To her gain, her employer had recently partnered up with a university offering online and traditional courses. Eventually, the online fast track RN-BSN was her option of choice. It took her 18 months to obtain her BSN from the University of Phoenix. After completing her BSN, awaiting her was a promotion for a supervisor position on the telemetry unit. She accepted the position and remained in this positon for seven years. During that time, she also served in the role of interim manager and was instrumental in planning and implementing the electronic health record. The electronic health record became her passion. She was one of the lead trainers and eventually accepted a role as a full time trainer within the hospital. The position as a full time trainer in the hospital morphed into a position at the hospital’s corporate level. She took on a new title as an  analyst within the clinical informatics department. Her passion grew more as the years went by. The next step that followed was an advanced nursing degree. Graduate Education My interviewee obtained her Master’s in Informatics at the University of Phoenix in 2013. Transitioning into the Master’s program was seamless since this school was where she obtained her BSN. The online route was most efficient and that is the route she pursued. The University of Phoenix Master of Science in nursing degree program is accredited by the Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (University of Phoenix, 2014). The goal of this program is to equip nurses to function in leadership roles in a variety of settings. Additionally, nursing theories and evidence-based practices are fundamental guidelines in this program that will help shape the future of nursing thus impacting the health care system (University of Phoenix, 2014). More specifically, the informatics program afford students to gain knowledge in data management and information technology in regard to the health care setting (University of Phoenix, 2014). According to my interviewee, the Master’ s graduate program as compared to the undergraduate program was more challenging but yet rewarding. This was attributed to the fact that she had a strong passion for informatics and wanted to obtain a higher level of education. Present Position As a Nurse Informaticist, the interviewee felt that she has been able to bridge the gap between Information Services and Nursing. One of the primary responsibilities of an Informatics nurse is ensuring the electronic health record is easy to use and provides relevant information. Workflow analysis, assessment of current and future technological needs are additional responsibilities. Pearls of Wisdom When pursuing advancing one’s educational level, time spent researching and interviewing can prove beneficial. Furthermore, one has to be prepared mentally, physically, and often times financially. Planning and organizing will minimize, if not eliminate barriers. I was impressed with the interviewee’s drive toward ongoing learning. Determination speaks for a nurse beginning at the ADN level, advancing to a BSN and ultimately obtaining a MSN. Conclusion Health care as we know is transforming and the health care workforce has been taxed with equipping themselves thus aligning with the transformation. Information technology is ever increasing and is impacting the way health care is delivered (Cipriano and Murphy, 2011). Pursuing a master’s degree in nursing is a step in the right direction. One key competency that was identified in this interview and consistent with AACN is lifelong learning. My personal gain from this interview is using determination and passion to help guide one’s career path. References American Association College of Nursing. (n.d.). Master’s Education for Advanced Practice Nursing. Retrieved from American Association of Colleges of Nursing: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources/MasEssentials96.pdfCipriano, P.F., & Murphy, J. (2011). Nursing Informatics, The Future of Nursing and Health IT: The Quality Elixir. Nursing Economics, 29(5), 286-282 University of Phoenix. (2014). Master’s Science Nursing Informatics. Retrieved from University of Phoenix: http://www.phoenix.edu/programs/degree-programs/nursing-and-health-care/masters/msn-inf.html

The Media: Misinterpretation of reality

The media has a significant influence over the public since it was first established as an institution. Particularly the news media, media has had its influence in setting a nation’s agenda, focusing the attention of people to specified issues as well as shaping the public’s opinion are among the well documented influences rendered by the news media1. Aside from feeding the public information about public affairs, the media do best in its ability to dictate people which issues are supposed to be important. The media does this by placing emphasis on specific issues.In a more concrete setting, newspapers teach readers which issues are to be significantly regarded by placing stories in designated places. Top stories or cover stories are placed to be the most significant issues while other stories placed after it are simply rendered as less important or significant than the front page stories. Newspapers provide a multitude of cues about the salience of the topics in the da ily news rendered in the daily news. For the television scene, the emphases on which stories are supposed to be important are manifested in the length of time devoted to the news story.With the amount of power an institution as the media has, there is to question whether this power is taken advantage of. In the competitive world of news media, gaining readership is a tedious task. With issues on investment returns and the case for readership, there are arising doubts as to whether the news media really feeds people with the essential information or they manipulate the stories to able for readership and even capital gains. In this paper, we shall put focus on evidences that suggest that the news does not reflect reality but obscures it.A look at media sensationalizingOne of the evident manifestations of media’s tendency to obscure reality and true stories lies in its nature of sensationalizing2. This could be drawn from the 2004 elections. According to Mackin, the media experi enced quite frenzy in attempting to stay updated for the election3. Assessing the performance of the media, it did not quite fairly cover the elections well. The media has a tendency to focus on the scandal and personalities involved that it forgets to look and delve into the real issues. This is one of the manifestations that news could obscure true stories. The media has a tendency to just highlight parts of the story without being able to render other sides of the story which may give clearance and understanding to the issue.Essentially there are always more issues needed to be reported on, however, the media has its own biases when it comes to the coverage of a news event or issue. The media fundamentally has two types of biases3. The firs type of bias is when the media does not focus on the more important issues. The second is that the bias which is geared towards objectivity.Media is biased when it comes to veering away from the real issue in way that it does not clarify issue s as intensively as they should be. If accusations are directed, the media does not render to investigate more in the issue. The focus of the media is to present to the public the accusations made and the personalities involved. 2Joyce Milton, The Yellow Kids: Foreign correspondents in the heyday of yellow journalism, Harper & Row, New York, 1989. 3 Mackin, Meaghan, Media sensationalizing 2004 election, 2008.There are occasions where the root cause is not as heavily mentioned as they should. Media tends to sensationalize focusing more on the conflicts created rather than the causes. During the 2004 elections, the media were more focused in bringing the latest on polls, character and appearance of the candidates. They did not bring too much focus on the covering the issues which are supposed to be addressed during elections. The nature of the media to sensationalize issues adheres to the argument that news has a tendency to obscure reality than presenting it as it is. The media in th is case is driven to present issues highlighting on scandals and personalities.Although the institution is driven by the demand reflected upon the people, the essence of what a mass media should in the first place is lost. The media more than presenting the latest public affairs to the people should also be responsible in looking more and analyzing factors underlying the issues. As people demand for the latest headlines come the need to be rightfully informed as well. An individual not rightfully informed would be able to participate rightfully in with the issues at hand.Since the media is the venue where people gather information, the expectation ranges too high with the credibility and truthfulness of the news or information. However, certain cases prove that news portrayed by media were inappropriate to the specific setting it must be relayed. Being a powerful venue to generate feedback and to build opinion through information dissemination and education to the larger scope of th e population, news portrayed by media, in some cases unfortunately bears unfruitful information. Furthermore, news to some extent does not guarantee its veracity and reliability at all time. For instance, such circumstance in untruthful reporting is present to the portrayal of Western mass media to Africa.Being the cradle of human kind, it appeared to achieve its negative height due to news about savagery the people were engaged into. These consequently gave the continent a face which every people worldwide mocked off and defamed. Depicted as â€Å"Dark Continent†, Western people are encouraged to think that nothing good will ever emerged in its soil. Many in the West bought this negative impression due to the misdealing of reportage to the continent and to the African people.According to Iyinbo4, the Western reportage is always directed to the portrayal of Africa as having a single entity discouraging the heterogeneity of tribes and cultures enriching the continent. For inst ance, the depiction of AIDS epidemic (Southern and Eastern Africa); wars, drought and starvation (Central and Eastern Africa); oil disasters (Niger-Delta, Nigeria); Muslim extremist (the North and Horn of Africa); bombings in Kenya and Tanzania (East Africa); â€Å"The Great Migration† (Kenya) all boil down to a continental issue disregarding the specificity of them to different parts of Africa.Although mass media impacts greatly in resolving crises happening in the continent, more issues were put into wrong perspective which apparently discouraged more problem-solving strategies. Under the current dispensation, the consequences of their [mass media] misrepresentation of Africa and Africans are dire: belittling the people, undermining their accomplishments, destroying their self-esteem and heritage. It does also, albeit inadvertently, provide â€Å"arms† to bigots (on all sides). It does not augur well to incense the situation with mis- and disinformation all in the na me of profits or ratings5.4 Iyinbo, O., Misrepresentation of Africans and the role of Western media. The Informed Constituent, 2007.5 Iyinbo, O., 2007.News and Reality 5Moreover, the present connotation to mass media especially in news reporting becomes increasingly negative since many media stations offer only entertainment and gives biased and untruthful news6 (Loud, 2006). This trend defeat the purpose of new reporting as it veers away to the responsible information gathering, interpreting and disseminating. The conflict arises when the most popular news stations claim that they are unbiased and are often times not. As a defence, they tend to reason-out that unbiased reporting is near impossible.Another problem with the news reporting practiced nowadays falls grimly to the misinterpretation of facts by news reporter and personnel. There are some intentional misinterpretations committed by news reporters for the purpose mainly of reporting safe and evading conflict regarding a spe cified issue. This can be best explained on the case of reporting about the pressing and present condition about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).Considering the belaboured scientific research of researchers and scientist to credence AIDS more detailed including its various symptoms and realities, media conveyance tend to discourage such intents. As it is presented and described in a subtle manner, the portrayal of its real grim is avoided to be known by the mass populace.In 2007, a Kaiser survey returned results that showed a mere 15 percent of those polled were personally concerned with becoming HIV positive (a 9 percent drop since 1997). Where once men and women considered AIDS a reputable and serious risk, they now consider the threat to be outside of their realm. This major shift in the perception of the AIDS threat, as many academicians worried, will only exacerbate the problem.6Loud, C., What's Wrong with the Media?, 2006.News and Reality 6It can be argued that this change in perception is directly related to scientific advances in the field. AIDS previously was considered to be a death warrant for anyone who managed to contract HIV in one way or another.However, it is also arguable to say that this change of perceptions is the consequence of the recent depictions of HIV/AIDS in mass media. Media tend to reinforce the idea that the disease can be beaten and would not kill those who contract it. This misinterpreted depiction given the risk and seriousness of incurable HIV/AIDS was manifested in the hit play Angels in America.Although it was turned into an HBO mini-series which was highly-acclaimed, the subject matter greatly failed to educate and inform many on HIV or AIDS. Its timeliness magnificently hit American popular culture in telling accurately the history of AIDS it did not instil any sense of education to the viewer since it only dealt with the idea that   Instead, it human will battle anything—even the physical.Another examp le of romanticized strategy to attack AIDS is when portrayal o the disease came with a major Broadway blockbuster entitled RENT. It only portrayed Bohemian New Yorker in 1980’s that having the expense of AZT (a popular drug which fights HIV’s attack on the body) can make the victim manageable to sing without a sense of real urgency or impending doom. Although it portrayed during the time that AIDS is incurable, the viewers were left with the same massage of hope that the disease played no urgent risk to the populace.   The reality of the disease is downplayed despite it almost being a character unto itself in the film.The more recently examples can be seen in a few commercials and ad campaigns made such resurgence of interest in the AIDS charity. In contextual American popular culture,  throwing a celebrity fighting against AIDS through charity in the news is presumed to be the very best solution to counter AIDS.Even grander campaign bearing the slogan â€Å"If on e of us has AIDS, all of us have it.† or popularly known as the â€Å"We all have AIDS campaign.† gave only an appealing look to the impending death disease. The memorable yet ineffective way of the campaign is viewing the action in a bold statement composed largely of celebrities, politicians and religious leaders.Essential to consider is the fact that AIDS’s portrayal to mass media only resulted to the exploitation of celebrity and commodification of the disease. The misleading market tool manages to earn through the portrayal without the benefit of necessarily spreading awareness or education. Instead of placing a knowledgeable person who is living with the disease in front of the camera, marketers commodify the disease to earn fame and eventually to establish a profitable market. This consequently appeals only to the public to give donation to a random charity disregarding the idea of better information about their own risks or how to protect themselves.Even more blatant commodification is the creation of special garments and gadgets by organized charities/companies just to take the opportunity of selling them while some profit will go to an AIDS charity. Based in the United States, this massive campaign makes the money exclusively reserved for African AIDS causes which shifted the public perception by implying subconsciously that HIV/AIDS is no longer an issue in the US.Since people cited that television is their most immediate and important source for information concerning AIDS (Research Unit for Health and Behavioural Change), a deeper analysis of media messages is important in understanding the sociological impact of AIDS and  advertising as a means of educating. However, AIDS portrayals in advertisements are always misconstrued which leaves the people pretty sitting. It is also pointed out that the bulk of HIV/AIDS advertisements are vague, confusing, prejudiced and manage to perpetuate many misconceptions about AIDS that have t he potential to spread the disease even further. It is due to this lack of true representation that the true cultural meaning of AIDS is pushed out of sight, causing vital health education messages to get lost or become misconstrued in the process.According to Jenny Kitzinger’s work titled â€Å"Audience understandings of AIDS media messages: a discussion of methods†, that the meanings of media messages do not merely lie in just the content of the messages but more likely in the readings different audiences bring to the metaphorical discussion. It is therefore argued that such messages are read based on social context and personal experience.To compensate this shift of public perception regarding the cultural importance of HIV/AIDS, we must change the way it is represented in the media by pointing out that AIDS is much serious than twitchy comedians and house hold celebrity names.References:Joyce Milton, The Yellow Kids: Foreign correspondents in the heyday of yellow j ournalism, Harper ; Row, New York, 1989.Loud, C., What's Wrong with the Media?, 2006, Retrieved 20 April, 2008, .

Exploration of Form Simulations

Line Line is in many ways the simplest element of form: the connection between two points. It is also one of the most powerful elements of art, because it readily suggests movement and also, as a contour, can suggest solid form or mass. Lines often function as the abstract underpinnings of compositions, both in pictures and in sculptures. Line is one dimensional, and is therefore a very versatile tool in the creation of art. There are a number of different ways to use line. Drawing the outlines of an object is called contour drawing.Line that shows emotion, movement or direction is called expressive line, and line that is simple, ordered and symmetrical is called classical line. Implied line shows the edges of things without actually outlining them, and is used to draw the viewer's eye into the plane of a picture. Line can be used to shade or add texture to a picture using cross-hatching, which is composed of parallel crossed lines. Shape Shape becomes visible when a line or lines en close an area, or when an apparent change in value [lightness or darkness] or texture sets an area apart from its surroundings.Shapes are two-dimensional graphic elements like lines, but they can also suggest masses or solid objects in flattened profile. If the end of a line connects with its own beginning, it forms a shape, and the character of a shape is really determined by the kind of line that forms its outer border. There are broad categories of shape: curvilinear, angular, geometric, biomorphic and irregular. These types of shape have abstract associations that can be connected to real world objects they resemble. Color is another factor that affects the expressive impact of a shape. | MassMass is the term we use to describe solid form in art. Mass is a principle characteristic of most â€Å"things† in the real world: mountains, stones, apples and the human figure. Carved and modeled sculpture works with mass, as its primary component, often connected with linear princ iples that suggest movement. Mass is also an important factor in flat art work, although special techniques are required in painting and drawing to make mass appear to exist on the page. Mass describes three dimensions. If an object has mass, you can walk around it or see it from both the front and the back.Three-dimensional art forms include sculpture, ceramics, and architecture. These art forms involve creating actual mass. Drawing and painting are two-dimensional art forms, but there are techniques that can be used to represent three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface. This is called creating apparent mass. Linear The spatial relationships between three-dimensional objects in a two-dimensional picture are shown using perspective. Perspective is created using overlapping images, vertical placement of images in the picture plane, and scale, or relative size of objects.In Western art, the most common type of perspective is linear. Linear perspective was developed in Italy durin g the early Renaissance. It orders the geometric depiction of objects in a picture in relation to an imaginary viewer's eye level: called the horizon line. All horizontal receding edges, such as the edges of a square table or the line of the floor in a room, will converge in the distance toward a point on the horizon line. Vectors below eye level will move up on the picture plane (or surface of the page) as they go back in space, while vectors above eye level will move down as they recede in space.The points where these vectors meet the horizon are called â€Å"vanishing points†. Perspective applied to the human figure is called foreshortening. In foreshortened view of the figure, closer parts of the body appear very large and in front, often blocking the view of parts behind. Spatial Spatial Depth refers to the relationships of objects to the space around them. In a two-dimensional picture, the illusion of depth is created in several ways. One is linear perspective, which is explored in section A. Another is the relationship between figure [an object] and ground [its background].Changing the value [lightness and darkness], color [chroma or hue], and scale or overlap of images can all have an effect on how we perceive spatial depth. Tonal relationships and edge can also affect the sense of spatial arrangement in a picture. Tones work to create depth in relation to a background tone. The greater the similarity of the tonal color of an object to the tone of the background, the more it will seem to recede toward the background. The more different or contrasting the object's tone, the more it will pop forward, away from the background.Soft edges will tend to push objects back in space, mimicking the effect of a foggy atmosphere. Directional Spatial Depth refers to the relationships of objects to the space around them. In a two-dimensional picture, the illusion of depth is created in several ways. One of them is the use of light. Light is an important part o f our understanding of space. Because it is so important, artists have learned ways to depict and manipulate light. Some artists, such as architects, manipulate light directly through a series of windows, for example.Other artists imitate the action of light as it reveals forms in three-dimensions. The way light strikes an object can affect how we perceive its mass or its depth in space. Elements of Color and Light Functions Light is essential to visual art, including most photography. The amount of light can radically change the way a photograph or painting reads. The direction of light modifies the way an object appears in a photograph, painting or drawing. In addition, light controls the colors we see. Artists manipulate and control the amount of light and color in their work to control the effect they are trying to achieve. Properties Color is an important cue for the relationship between forms in an image or in space. In a two-dimensional image, color can control the relationsh ip between the figure and its ground. If the color of the ground is similar to the color of the figure, the figure-ground relationship can be unclear. If the contrast between the figure color and the ground color is strong, the figure and its ground will seem more separated. By changing the relationship between the figure color and the ground color, the relationship between the igure and the ground is also changed visually. | Expressive Color is also an expressive element. Different colors mean different things in different societies and cultures. Colors that mean mourning in one society mean celebration in another. In the Western world, black is associated with mourning, but in Nigeria, white signifies death. In the Maori culture of New Zealand, there are over a hundred words that distinguish different shades of red. Even within a culture, different groups have different color vocabularies.Women in the United States have a very sophisticated color vocabulary, due in part to the fas hion, cosmetics and home decorating industries. Within individual works of art, the feeling of the artwork is strongly affected by the color choices of the artist. The way we use color to express ourselves is very personal. Some of our color choices are made by what is currently in fashion and some are more or less classical. The important thing to remember is that the use of certain colors together will imply a deep space, while others will make the space seem flatter. Optical illusions can be fun to try.Optical The optical effects that produce colors can be divided into two media: light and pigment. The mixing of colored lights is an additive process. This means that greater or lesser amounts of colors are mixed optically. The colors are refracted. Mixing pigments, such as paints and pastels, is a subtractive process. The colors in a paint mixture cancel each other out because they show the amount of reflected color in the mixture. Unlike the additive process, in which color becom es more brilliant, in the subtractive process, a mixture of large amounts of the primary colors produces a muddy black.

Negative Effects of Classism

Negative Effects Of Classism Have you ever been judged by the way you look or act? How about just for your income? Social classes have existed for many centuries, whether you are rich or poor, there has always been a large group of people who share a similar economic and/or social position. In society, citizens are put into classes based upon their income, wealth, property ownership, and job status. When citizens are put into a â€Å"class† whether it is high or low, it affects their way of life.For example; when the working class feels like they’re not good enough, it might be because someone in the higher class is acting ignorant or superior towards the lower class. When citizens are not treated equally due to their social status, this is called â€Å"classism. † As you may know classism is professed throughout all classes whether you’re a working class, middle class, or even a higher class. For starters, in an American society,  classism  is usually pointed in the direction of the â€Å"working class† as having the disadvantage.The â€Å"working class† is the lowest social group of people. They are employed for only minimum wage in manual or industrial work. Although our system in the U. S. is designed to allow mobility between social classes, discrimination against the lower classes is still perceived by the higher class. The higher class considers the â€Å"working class† as unreliable or lethargic workers who don’t want to put any effort in achieving in their life goals. Believing this way might be because of their background or where they come from.Secondly, many underclass citizens tend to be the most hardworking of all because every day they make just enough money to get by and that’s it. When working these low income jobs, it’s difficult to support a family and live life without the struggle of â€Å"money problems. † Most people in the working class didn’t pursue their life long goals or promotions in their lives because of their lack of motivation or dedication to succeeding. Most importantly, if the higher class didn’t have such misleading judgments on the â€Å"working class†, then maybe there wouldn’t be as much wrongful thoughts towards them.The middle class is a set of workers who are quite educated, wise, and overall more successful than the working class. The middle class is considered the average or the suitable of the three main classes, mostly because they make a much higher salary than the working class but not enough to be considered the higher class. The middle class is the majority of people in the United States. Occasionally the middle class consider thoughts and assumptions that the sociability of this country towards them are true which leads them to believe it and as well as act it out towards others.The reimbursements or the â€Å"benefits† of being in the middle class provide access to health care benefits such as Medicare or medicate, a home that’s stable enough to live in, a great secure job, as well as retirement security for the seniors of this class and most importantly many chances of a good education which comprises a college education as well. Since million of the households in this country are in the middle class, it’s hard to discriminate or judge against a class where a majority of the United States citizens in are in or close too.The â€Å"higher class† in America consists of people who have mostly inherited their money. Historically in some cultures, members of an upper class often did not have to work for a living, as they were supported by earned or inherited investments. The main distinguishing feature of upper class in the US is the ability to derive enormous  incomes  from  wealth  through techniques such as investment and money management, rather than engaging in wage-labor or salaried employment.Secondly, many unprincipled behaviors across the social classes have delivered a withering verdict on the upper echelons of society, studies have shown that privileged people behave consistently worse than others. For instance, in a range of situations the upper class has a greater tendency to lie, cheat, take things meant for others, not stop for pedestrians on crossings, and endorse unethical behavior. Most importantly, the upper and lower class individuals do not necessarily differ in terms of their capacity for unethical behavior, but rather in terms of their default tendencies toward it.In conclusion, classism will consist in all social classes’ whether it’s the higher class or lower class, people will make generalizations or stereotypes about other people in different classes because of their personal background, arrogances, and actions. Although there will always be different forms of oppression and prejudice, classism’s drastic income and wealth inequality and basic human needs te nd to go unmet. | |

Analyzing the Central Theme of Charles Frazier’s Cold Mountain Essay Example for Free

Analyzing the Central Theme of Charles Frazier’s Cold Mountain Essay Cold Mountain is a tragic yet a very profound story of love, searching, and intuition which happens in an environment terrorized by war in 1864 (Buchanan). The story is set on the troubled plains and mountains of nineteenth century America where Inman, the main character, decided to leave the battlefield as he yearned and searched for his lover. In a nutshell, the story basically revolves around a tale of love which bound two people together amidst distance, chaos, and isolation. This debut novel of Charles Frazier has definitely redefined love in ways, portrayed as a powerful force which enables people to overcome dangers and even life threatening situations just to reunite with a loved one. In several ways, the novel reflects the importance of faith as well as love despite isolation, distress, and confusion that an individual faces. Central Theme of the Novel The main feature of the novel which an average reader may notice would be the war of the 19th century America. It tells the story of how distressing and miserable life during war is and how hopeless it gets most of the time. Inman, identified as the main protagonist of the story, was a part of the confederate army before he went on to his venture of coming back to his long lost lover, Ada. His life in the confederate army made him realize that it is indeed a lot worse to lose something a person already has than fail to get what that person currently wants. The war made the character feel all the isolation and alienation any person would never want to experience. Through this isolation, Inman felt the need to come back home. However, amidst the distress and pains brought by the war, Inman’s spirit was kept alive by his love and yearning for Ada. The epic describes how more painful Inman’s longing is for Ada compared to the pains he felt because of his wounds. The author illustrated Inman’s longing as miserable as if, â€Å"his wounds gave hi, just reason to doubt that he would ever heal up and feel whole of a piece again† (Frazier 25). Although the epic was largely about battles, what Inman felt because of his separation from Ada gave the story a soft, emotional, and sentimental effect. This aspect of the story depicts a reality that no matter how harsh a person’s environment may seem, there will always be some spark of compassion and love inside his or her heart to encourage him or her to live. The story also illustrates that compassion and love will always be strong forces that will bind two people regardless of how far they are from each other and irrespective of how tough and immovable the barricade between them may be. Ada’s love, on the other hand, is illustrated in her patience and faith in Inman. Despite their distance, she never stopped waiting for Inman and believing in him. Her faith and belief that everything between them will be alright is reflected in her notes as a response to Inman’s letter which said: â€Å"This you must know: that despite your long absence, such is the light in which I view the happy relation existing between us, that I will never conceal a single thought from you† (Frazier27). The story was basically split between Inman and Ada’s life events which proved that beyond borders, their love will always unite and hold them together. Incorporating such a sentimental theme in a distressing genre such as war was an amazing feat that Frazier was able o successfully portray in his novel. However, upon further analysis of the novel, one may realize that it is from these painful and trying times that the need for love and compassion emerges, since this is the time when people are more likely to feel alienated and lost. It is also from these hard times when the need for someone to love and to be loved back is stronger. Thus, it may appear understandable and explicable why Inman had such a strong desire to come back home and turn his back from the grueling and miserable face of war. Nevertheless, Frazier was also able to present the realities of war in a very compelling manner. The alienation which Inman felt was also very believable which made it possible for the readers to empathize with the main character. Conclusion Cold Mountain is a realistic and compelling epic of a warrior who did not only fight for his state but also for him to come home to the one he loved. In this novel, Frazier was able to blend well the very different concepts of hostility, isolation, alienation, faith, and love. Yet, the author was able to present these ideas in a very realistic manner through the characters of the story. The epic can be considered as a good representation of how powerful love can be inside a person’s heart in times of desolation and loneliness. As reflected in the story, it can indeed be the driving force which can help a person to survive the harsh elements in his environments just to come home to the arms of his or her lover. Similarly, the story also portrays well the impacts of alienation and isolation to an individual and what alterations these impacts can cause to a person’s life and points of view. Thus, if there is anything that this epic would send the readers as a message, it would be that, amidst isolation, distress, and chaos, faith and love can help a person survive the odds and the tough challenges. Works Cited Buchanan, Catherine. â€Å"Cold Mountain: Context. † Spark Notes. 2009. 15 Apr. 2009. . Frazier, Charles. Cold Mountain. New York: Grove Pres Analyzing the Central Theme of Charles Frazier’s Cold Mountain. (2016, Dec 10). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Life Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life Science - Essay Example Such constraints directly influence their life history stage, genetic diversity, reduced gene flow, poor genetic drift, deprived genetic multiplicity of breeding, inadequate space, thereby making the population inactive. Vast space is required for the appropriate mobility as well as to establish connectivity for the perseverance of population. Human activities not only restrict the mobility and connectivity of trouts population but also create barriers. Human deeds fragment touts habitat, eventually, causing loss of trouts population. Invasion of non-native salmonids generates potential danger too. Restricted space condenses demographic and stochastic destruction hazards. Efforts to protect and restore trouts population are being performed, but appropriate study is highly essential to protect trouts population. Some conservation methods have been proposed but fortification is required at the water shed level and catchments such as streams. Conservation measures for the protection of trouts population must be taken seriously in order to preserve their natural habitat, allowing them to move freely, minimizing fragmentation of their habitat and allowing them to have genetic

Woman and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Woman and Law - Essay Example Dr Bourne terminated her pregnancy and, therefore, faced prosecution. However, she was acquitted because he was able to prove his point that the victim was suicidal and in case the baby had been born the women might have been a physical or mental wreck. Key Cases with Facts: The Bourne case gave precedent to abortion as the physical/mental health of the woman was indeed in danger had she not had an abortion. it is necessary to take medical opinions from experts, along with considering moral perspectives as well, as to whether to save the life of the foetus or the mother in case an abortion is required. Current Law: - Abortion Act of 1967 Definition of Abortion Law Act: - This act, passed in 1967, defines the types of allowed abortions. A woman can get an abortion before 28 weeks of conception; abortion is also allowed in case the life of the mother is in serious mental or physical danger or in case the born baby will be severely handicapped† Evidence proved: - Personal Evidence : - The Psychiatrist The Gynaecologist Prosecution: . We, as members of the Western society, have certain responsibilities towards our women and the way they lead their lives. To ban practices such as abortion is a strike on their freedom and liberty. No matter how inhumane the practice of abortion appears to be, we have no right to stop it by force or get someone in court just because they want to have a kid. Before the Abortion Act of 1967 the British society was quite strictly against this practice and women carrying out abortion were prosecuted under federal law. Morally, abortion is a complicated procedure. There are two perspectives to everything; one is white and the other black. On the white side a woman, being a member of the free living world, has the right to carry out abortion. On the black side it is wrong because a life is being killed and some people might consider it infanticide. But that is just a perspective, and it has to be made clear that abortion, in other part s of the world, is used for purposes which are unbelievable irrational and make no sense whatsoever. (Barnett, 1997) For example, let’s take the example of India. Just in the state of Maharashtra, every year more than 4.5 million women are forced to get an abortion (Saha, Duggal, Mishra, More, & Khaire, 2004) because, with the use of sonogram, families are able to identify the sex of the baby; if the baby is male then all is well but if it is a girl she might be aborted, the reason being that girls are not considered the â€Å"Bread Winner† in the Indian society. Abortion in this and similar cases is wrong. It must also be comprehended that abortion has increased at an alarming rate, since the passing of the Abortion Act of 1967, The number of abortions carried out since the passage of the Abortion Act 1967 is unacceptably high. Medically, abortion is beneficial in certain cases. Number one, in case of rape if a woman gets pregnant and decides not to abort the baby, th e woman is at a risk of suffering post-natal depression which can, with time, endanger the baby’s health. The second case is when a child has been conceived because of an incestuous relationship; in this situation there is a high probability of the child being defective. Third is in the case of Thalassemia or HIV; if both the parents are suffering from one of these conditions there is a probability that the child might also contract it or it can even result in the death of either the child or the mother at the time of delivery. In my personal opinion pregnancy is more about men dominating women, and I can say it with 100% surety that if men were to get pregnant instead of women, abortion would definitely be a blessing. In the English society abortion is on a rise and women, mostly teenagers, are getting abortions at an

See the attachments>> Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Youth Unemployment as a Social Economic Challenge - Essay Example This discussion highlights that the number of unemployed individuals increased to 4.5 million in March from 4.41 million in the previous month. A year earlier, 2013 the figure was 4.02 million. While nominal wages rose 6.1 percent year-on-year to an average RUB 33205 (8.1 percent in February), real pay fell 9.3 percent after dropping by 7.4 percent in the previous month. Real disposable income shrank 1.8 percent (-1.6 percent in February). As the discussion outlines a number of factors are responsible for increasing the situation of unemployment in Russia. The first reason is the shortage of raw materials such as the supply of coal, timber or oil fails, and the factories have to stand idle, waiting until the necessary fuel arrives. The shortage of this materials delayed factories to function. The second reason is financial difficulties where there are a rigid economy campaigns. Many factories have had large deficits. The cost at which these factories operate is very high. This forced the directors to apply methods that will force them to economize. The third reason is food shortage where every factory is forced to feed their employees thus forces the factory to employ workers that they can feed. The fourth reason is the increase in the use of machines replacing the use of manual labor forcing people to lose their jobs. The unemployment factor has led to political issues where there is loss trust in the administration a nd the government. These factors may lead to political instability, increase employment gaps as many individuals continue to be jobless after finishing school. In addition, the standard of living where the completion of jobs and the negotiation power of individuals also decrease and their living standards and salaries reduce thus affecting the overall economy of the country.

Longing for Freedom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Longing for Freedom - Coursework Example Once in the small and the forgotten places he finds on the map (the book is named for the blue highways that are the small state and county roads on his map) it may be an out of the way diner or caf, a little college community, even a monastery, he retells histories and tales that make these places significant in their own way. He found out much that was new and strange to him: one thing that struck him and made him think was repeatedly finding one shoe as he made his way across the country. Where was the other shoe Why would someone throw one shoe out the car window What good was the other one, alone He finally concluded, without much conviction, that all those solitary shoes were the result of people dangling their feet out the window, with one shoe accidentally flying off and out onto the roadside. "On the old highway maps of America, the main routes were red and the back roads blue. Now even the colors are changing. But in those brevities just before dawn and a little after dusk - times neither day nor night - the old roads return to the sky some of its color. Then, in truth, they carry a mysterious cast of blue, and it's that time when the pull of the blue highways is strongest ..." Blue Highways is more than just an autobiographical road novel - it contains innumerable aspects of the 'American road culture', ranging from ethnical problems and the undeniable importance of diners to the true significance of road literature. In other words, W. Least Heat Moon somehow assists in determining the myth of the road and he invites the reader to join him on a more abstract kind of road, namely that from the past to the present. Having Native American ancestors himself, Least Heat Moon also lays enormous emphasis on the aspect of race and ethnicity on the road. Why do people leave home to go on such an extended road trip What is the myth of the road that fascinates so many And above all, what do such road protagonists expect to find or discover on the road For William Least heat Moon the journey is on the one hand a sort of escape from home and on the other hand it obviously represents an attempt to forget or even heal. "Etymology: 'curious', related to 'cure', once meant 'carefully observant'. Maybe a tonic of curiosity would counter my numbing sense that life inevitably creeps toward the absurd. 'Absurd', by the way, derives from a Latin word meaning 'deaf, dulled'. Maybe the road could provide a therapy through observation of the ordinary and obvious, a means whereby the outer eye opens an inner one." (Blue Highways, p.17) As the name 'Least Heat Moon' already indicates, his ancestors were Native Americans and thus his journey is as well an occasion to search for his origins, to somehow trace his ancestral roots. Most road protagonists set out alone with the simple reason to find their true self. For William Least Heat Moon this search for himself requires the loneliness of the back roads and this purity of experience. However, although the loneliness of the back roads is quite an important aspect, Least Heat Moon knows that it is exactly his traveling alone that also brings him into contact with people that makes him

Value of Art to the People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Value of Art to the People - Essay Example To this end, the piece of art serves them a memory of what they normally refer to as the sacrifice of Christ and so as it would naturally be expected, the value the sacrifice and thus the art dearly. The notion I develop about the people is that they are highly religious with so much emphasis on the Christian religion. From the piece of art I saw and how carefully the people have invested into the beauty and glamour of the art, it will not be out of place to say that most of the people are Christians who cherish the sacrifice of their religious leader highly. Again, I get the notion that even though there may as many popular cultures associated with the people, they are more inclined to their religious concepts than other aspects of their lives. There were two major components of the piece of art that was seen. The first has to do with the scene of an oval vessel with a sealed base. The vessel is made of clay and so could be said to be a ceramic art. The vessel can, therefore, hold w ater and food. The second scene is a tripod that has been made of stone. The color of the vessel and the stones are the same but there has been any color used to create other designs on the vessel. Looking closely at the piece of art, one can tell how the people value the availability of food and water, which are two of the major needs for human existence. However, the piece of art preaches that food and water can be made available only when the people come together as a collective force; as in the case of the tripod to work together. Indeed, the vessel cannot stand if any of the three stones is removed. From the value of the art to the people, I get a notion that the people are highly hard working and believe in the virtue of unity. It is not surprising there is the saying among the Chinese, who are also Asians that in unity is strength.  

Marketing foundations & Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing foundations & Applications - Essay Example Product development often becomes impossible and critised because of the following reasons: shortage of important ideas in certain areas; fragmented markets; social and governmental constraints; cost of development; capital shortages; faster required development time; and shorter life cycle. New product development often entails modifying an existing product or creating totally different offerings to satisfy a current need. In these product developments, business organizations may encounter hardships in identifying features which adds value to the customer. There are cases when current products cannot be enhanced because of shortage of ideas that can improve the offering. A good example of detergent soaps. Companies may be hindered in developing new detergent products which can boost the satisfaction of customer in this particular product. Next, product development can be unlikely because the business organization is operating in a fragmented market which implies that they need to aim their new products at smaller market segments thereby generating only meager profits and revenues. When developing new products, companies should take into account all of its current market and not just a segment of it. If not, the new product developed will completely change the positioning of the business organization in the industry and may also discourage their current customers in purchasing the new product. With the increasing clamor for being socially responsible, companies are often under the scrutiny and regulations of social organizations and the government. New product development can be critised because of the hazard that these products can bring to the consuming public. An example of this is the growing concern for obesity in the global arena which forces business organizations to modify their products and add only those which have more health

International airline industry with a particular focus on British Essay

International airline industry with a particular focus on British Airways - Essay Example It can be seen that the European airline industry has evolved from being dominated by large, business class air carriers to one which is increasingly controlled by the proliferation of low cost airlines. The wide popularity and acceptance of budget air travel which has significantly increased air traffic and gave a boost to the tourism industry has began putting pressure on large airlines to create their own low profile brand in order to regain their market shares. The emergence of budget airlines is directly attributed to the transformation of the global business environment. The major drivers which facilitated this trend are: the deregulation of the European air travel sector; the establishment of the European Union; the 9/11 tragedy; the rapid technological advancement; and change in customers' lifestyle and preferences. It is irrefutable that the deregulation of the European airline industry primarily contributed to the rise of low cost carriers. It can be recalled that deregulation has lowered the barrier to entry in the industry as well as enhanced the competitiveness of the players which are previously receiving subsidy from the government. This, in turn, largely contributes to the cost efficiency of airline operators allowing them to charge lower prices to passengers. The establishment of the European Union affects the airline industry has the same effect like the deregulation of the sector. This has opened up markets and lowered opera ting costs, encouraging the proliferation of low cost carriers (Sorensen 2006). The 9/11 tragedy which left terror worldwide has also helped in lowering the cost of air travel in order to fill up empty seats in the airline. This is coupled by the public's preference of budget airlines since they want to maximize the value of their money in response to the economic recession. Lastly, technological advancement has significantly enhanced company's efficiency. It can be recalled that the internet technology has lowered the airline's costs in terms of booking and servicing customers by eliminating travel agent costs. This has paved way for huge costs savings which cut down the cost of airline operations (Sorensen 2006). 2. Conduct a PEST-analysis of the airline industry - for both the present and medium term (5 years) future. Once you complete Political, Economical, Societal and Technological analysis, chose one example from each heading and discuss how it will affect the industry in 5 years time. Political The operation of the European airline industry is strongly affected by the policies which are instituted by the government. The political issues which are affecting and are more likely to shape the sector are: European and international law on environmental laws and regulations (International Environment Law 2006); further integration with the European Union; harmonization of technical requirements and administrative procedures; and the tighter monetary policies which are currently adopted by each nation in order to maintain the amount of their currencies. Recognizing the need for sustainable development, it is expected that policy makers will be focusing on creating policies which are more focused on the preservation of the environment. It should be noted that right now, the European Environmental Law is gaining more